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Britain
Great Britain
USA
The United States of America
Australia
Australia
Australia
Canada
Australia
New Zeland
The United States oF America
PHONETIC FEATURES
In American English,
the vowel [a] is
noticeably higher in
elevation than in the
British version
The sound [r] after
the vowel at the end
of the word, as well as
before the consonant,
is pronounced without
tongue trembling
The sounds [i], [o], [u]
before non-trembling
[r] are pronounced
with a higher elevation
of the tongue than in
England
The diphthongs [ou]
and [ei] are very
poorly developed, for
example, the word fate
is pronounced [fe:t]
The combination
[ju] after dental in
most cases is
simplified to [u]. For
example, duty
['du:ti]
There is a weakening
of articulation when
pronouncing the
sound [t], for
example, in the
words matter, better
LEXICAL FEATURES
pocket knife
(перочинный нож)
conductor
(кондуктор)
janitor
(швейцар)
suspenders
(подтяжки)
love seat
(диван)
garbage can
(мусорное ведро)
1st Floor
(первый этаж)
administration
(правитель)
assignment
(домашнее задание)
apartment
(квартира)
auditorium
(актовый зал)
baggage
(багаж)
GRAMMAR FEATURES
Requent formation of verbal nouns
(to research – to investigate, a research -
research)
The going to or will form is used, but
the shall form is never used
The words slow and real are used, and
slowly and really are practically not used
From irregular verbs only unnecessary problems,
- Americans are sure. Therefore, many verbs that
are incorrect in British English have become
regular verbs in American
CULTURE FEATURES
The United States is sometimes described as a
"melting pot" into which different peoples have
added their own flavor or taste, forming one great
American culture. Just as the cultures of the whole
world have influenced the United States, now
American culture affects the whole world. The
country does not have one official language, although
31 out of 50 states have granted this status to English.
More than 90% of the US population speaks and
understands English and most official business is
conducted in this language
After learning all this
information you can
take the test
Australia
PHONETIC FEATURES
In the diphthong [ei],
the first sound is
truncated almost to a
neutral vowel
The glide [a] in [ai]
is somewhat wider
than in the British
version
TThere is a phoneme
[ae] that is absent in
the British version. It
sometimes replaces a
vowel in the stressed
position
[ai] and [ei] are almost
indistinguishable and
do not perform a
meaning-distinguishing
function
The sound [t] at
the end of a word
is usually not
pronounced in
Australian English
[a] is also broader
and somewhat more
advanced. [a] is
almost
indistinguishable in
all dialects
LEXICAL FEATURES
Names of the country
(Down Under,
Kapdagoo-Land) and
cities (Brisburn -
Banana City)
Natural geographical
environments (dust
storm in central areas -
Darling Shower)
Flora and fauna (wattle -
acacia or mimosa, geebung
- shrub with fruits);
Lifestyle/ people/
customs/ sports
(names of games, products)
The interior of the
country(bush -
forest/ inland
areas of the mainland);
Agriculture (station
- farm, cockatoo -
small farmer)
Characteristics of
aborigines (gin -
woman, sheila -
young girl)
administration
(правитель)
assignment
(домашнее задание)
GRAMMAR FEATURES
The use of the preposition about together
with the prepositional adverb around,
forming a colloquial cliche: We will arrive
around about midnight
The use of the personal pronoun she
(her) in relation to the UK
The use of the It is me construction
along with It is I
Omission of the auxiliary verb in perfect tenses.
Synthetic perfect forms without an auxiliary
verb are often found in rapid colloquial speech,
most often in simple narrative and interrogative
sentences
CULTURE FEATURES
Australia attracts not only beautiful animals and
plants. Australia's culture is unusual.
The population of the continent is friendly. Local
people like to joke, they do not want to obey any
authority, and are also considered easy to learn.
Australians are laconic, their main quality is
considered to be brevity. Australians are known as a
nation of relaxed and peaceful people, and when you
arrive on the continent, you will quickly realize how
easy it is to find a common language with them
After learning all this
information you can
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Canada
PHONETIC FEATURES
The past tense verb
shone is pronounced
with [o] by most
Canadians as
opposed to the
American [ou]
The noun
tomato is used
with the
American
accent [ei]
The form has been in
Canadian
pronunciation has a
vowel [i], in
American [i]
The prefixes anti-,
semi-, multi-, which are
pronounced with [ai]
in the American
version, most
Canadians pronounce
in British with [i]
The word vase -
American [veiz] -
sounds
predominantly
[va:z] in Canada
In the adverb again,
like the British norm,
the diphthong [ei] is
pronounced under
stress, while in the US
it is usually [e]
LEXICAL FEATURES
names related
to flora and fauna
names of state,
political realities
names related to the
secondary education
system
household names
сanadian historicisms
idioms denoting or
describing names
idioms denoting realiyah
of Canadian culture,
public and political life
idioms denoting
the features of Canadian
life
GRAMMAR FEATURES
RThere are also many words borrowed
from Native American languages.
“Сaribou” - "deer", “to toboggan" - "to
sail on a boat"
“fog - eater" - "rainbow in the dissipating fog",
“salt fishing” - "catching fish with salting it right
on the ship"
“steel man” - "railway builder",
“cat driver” - "tractor driver" and
much more
The only significant difference between
Canadian grammar and British grammar is the
almost complete exclusion of the Past Perfect
Continuous tense from use. His place was taken
by Past Perfect Simple
CULTURE FEATURES
Canada is a unique and distinctive country. Like any other
state, it has unique traditions and customs, an interesting
culture. All this is reflected in the way of life of Canadians,
their preferences and behavior.
Canada is a huge northern country, popular with both
tourists and immigrants. And it is not surprising — the
Canadian government has issued many laws designed to
attract qualified specialists to the country, which has a
beneficial effect on the local economy. However, residents
of a neighboring country — the United States — still
mostly treat Canada down, considering Canadians to be
provincial behind the times for a couple of decades
After learning all this
information you can
take the test
New Zealand
PHONETIC FEATURES
The short vowel i,
(as in "kit") is a
central vowel close
to [ə] or [ɘ]
The short vowel a /æ/
(as in "trap")
approaches [ɛ] in
quality, which sounds
like a short e to most
English speakers
The vowels /ɪə/ (as in
“near”) and /eə/ (as
in “square”) are
increasingly merging;
here rhymes with
there;
Before the consonant
/l/, the vowels /iː/:/
ɪə/ (as in the words
“reel” and “real”), as
well as /ɒ/: /oʊ/
(“doll” and “dole”)
can be merged
Using of unstressed
[i] as [ə]: it is [it iz]
was pronounced as
[ət əz]
The realization of the
diphthongs [ai] as
[ei] and [ei] as [ai]:
lady [leidi] was
pronounced [laidi],
days [deiz] as [daiz]
LEXICAL FEATURES
rabbits’ ears
(комнатная
телеантенна)
cswapmeet (процесс
обмена товарами)
try-hard (целестремлённы,
амбициозный человек)
huntaways или eye-dog -
собака для
охраны овец
bobby calf -
новорожденный
телёнок
runholder -
владелец фирмы
sheep station -
овцеводческие фермы
number eight wire -
проволоки для
ограждений
assignment
(домашнее задание)
GRAMMAR FEATURES
There are also differences in the use
of the verbs shall - will, should -
would, namely: "shall" remains in use
only in imperative and interrogative
forms: Shall we go? You shall do that!
In the British version, the word "data"
- "data, information" has both the plural
and the singular ("datum"). In New
Zealand, "data" is used only in the plural,
but with the singular verb: "Data is ready
for processing"
Would" replaced "should" almost
everywhere
The obsolete forms in England whilst -
among are still in use in New Zealand along
with similar but more modern ones while -
among
CULTURE FEATURES
New Zealand is an amazing, mysterious and at times very
incomprehensible country. But in fact, such a unique culture was
created as a result of a mixture of two completely opposite
cultures, which at times have nothing in common - these are the
Maori tribes and the British. Snow-covered high mountains, sea
forts, geysers, waterfalls enchant with their beauty. In this place
there are absolutely any landscapes that fit the generally
recognized standards of extraordinary beauty. Cheerfulness,
kindness, incredible hospitality - these are the key concepts in the
morality of the New Zealander. Modern New Zealanders inherited
from the Maori a passion for tattoos, not only on the body, but
also on the face.
After learning all this
information you can
take the test
Great Britain
PHONETIC FEATURES
[u] instead of
short [^] in cut,
much, love
long [u] in took,
book, that is, no
difference between
long [u and short
[instead of short [v]]
special positional
longitude rules [a] in
bad, bath, ie no
distinction between
short [æ] and long
[a:]
[ç] is another
consonant that
resembles the
German ich-laut,
for example in light
palatalized [l] at the
end of a word and
after a consonant:
people, milk
stunned [hw] in
which, where, why;
[x] in loch (Loch
Ness, Loch Lomond)
LEXICAL FEATURES
ground floor
(первый этаж)
1st floor
(второй этаж)
government
(правительство)
flat
(квартира)
homework
(домашнее задание)
assembly hall
(актовый зал)
luggage
(багаж)
penknife
(перочинный
нож)
guard
(кондуктор)
dustbin / bin
(мусорное ведро)
caretaker / porter
(швейцар)
settee
(диван)
braces
(подтяжки)
GRAMMAR FEATURES
When using just or already, British people
are more likely to say I've just seen him or
I've already done it, while Americans are
more likely to say I just saw him or I
already did it
In British English, the verbs have and take are
commonly used with nouns like bath, shower,
wash to speak about washing and with nouns like
break, holiday, rest to speak about resting.
British often use the Present Perfect
where American would rather use the
Past Simple. Americans say I've gotten to
know her well; British - I've got to know
her well
In British English, people often use Shall I ...? to
offer to do something and/or Shall we ...? to
make a suggestion
CULTURE FEATURES
Great Britain is one of the most unusual countries
with its own special traditions. Great Britain, located
not far from the very heart of Europe, is a state that
has had a significant impact on world politics and
the development of civilization for many centuries.
Many great scientists come from here, and the
English language has long been unofficially
international, though. Nevertheless, it is English that
is spoken in many countries of the world, most of
which were once English colonies
After learning all this
information you can
take the test
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